Visual effects master Ray
Harryhausen, whose stop-motion wizardry graced such films as Jason and the
Argonauts and Clash of the Titans, has died aged 92.
The American made his models by hand and painstakingly shot them frame by
frame to create some of the best-known animated sequences in cinema.
His death in London was confirmed to the BBC by a family representative.
"Harryhausen's genius was in being able to bring his models alive," said an
official statement
from his foundation.
"Whether they were prehistoric dinosaurs or mythological creatures, in Ray's
hands they were no longer puppets but became instead characters in their own
right."
Born in Los Angeles in June 1920, Raymond Frederick Harryhausen had a passion
for dinosaurs as a child that led him to make his own versions of prehistoric
creatures.
Films like 1925's The Lost World and the 1933 version of King Kong stoked
that passion and prompted him to seek out a meeting with Willis O'Brien, a
pioneer in the field of model animation.
Ray Harryhausen with a model of Clash of the Titans'
Medusa
During World War II Harryhausen joined director Frank Capra's film unit,
which made the Why We Fight series to back the US war effort.
After the war, he made stop-motion versions of fairy tales that prompted his
idol, O'Brien, to hire him to help create the ape in Mighty Joe Young - an
achievement that won an Academy Award.
Harryhausen went on to make some of the fantasy genre's best-known movies,
among them One Million Years B.C. and a series of films based on the adventures
of Sinbad the sailor.
He is perhaps best remembered for animating the seven skeletons who come to
life in Jason and the Argonauts, a sequence which took him three months to film,
and for the Medusa who turned men to stone in Titans.
Harryhausen inspired a generation of film directors, from Steven Spielberg
and James Cameron to Peter Jackson of the Lord of the Rings fame.
Spielberg said Harryhausen's "inspiration goes with us forever" while Cameron
said Hollywood science fiction film-makers had been "standing on the shoulders
of a giant".
Meanwhile, Star Wars creator George Lucas, paid tribute by saying: "The art
of his earlier films, which most of us grew up on, inspired us so much."
Director John Landis described Harryhausen as a "true giant of the cinema"
and said his creations were "not only the stars of those movies, but the main
reason for those movies to exist at all".
Peter Lord of Aardman Animations was quick to pay tribute, describing
Harryhausen as "a one-man industry and a one-man genre" on Twitter.
Harryhausen inspired a generation of film
directors
And Nick Park, Aardman's Oscar-winning creator of Wallace and Gromit, told
the BBC: "I've followed the work of Ray Harryhausen all my life.
"He is one of the true greats, if not the true great of stop motion
animation. A unique craftsman... He has been my mentor and inspiration since my
earliest childhood memories."
"I loved every single frame of Ray Harryhausen's work," tweeted Shaun of the
Dead director Edgar Wright. "He was the man who made me believe in
monsters."
In 1992 Harryhausen was given a special Oscar to honour his work with special
effects in the days before computer-generated imagery.
Harryhausen lived in the UK for several decades with his wife Diana and often
appeared at fantasy conventions.
The veteran animator donated his complete collection - about 20,000 objects -
to the National Media Museum in Bradford in 2010.
He died at London's Hammersmith Hospital, having received treatment for about
a week.